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Some people say that computers have made life more complex and stressful, but I totally disagree. In my opinion, computers have really made our lives easier and more convenient in communicating, getting informed and doing research work, if you have known how to work with a computer.
The e-mail service and Internet based on computer make us communicating with others much easily and conveniently. In the past, we have to write letters or meet in person in order to communicate with others. The mails seem to take forever to arrive and meeting in person means to put out a lot of efforts. Now, the e-mail lasts only a few seconds to send and to receive and we can always meet new people even foreigners in chat room whenever we set up our computers. It really makes our socializing easier.
The news on the Internet is being broadcasted 24 hours everyday and tailored to your specific interests. You can always connect your telephone and modem with a computer to read them. Listening to radio or watching television can be informed with what are happening around you conveniently too, but just on the computer can you easily read the specific news in which you are interested without having to buy newspapers. So, up to now, it is the most convenient way to read news at home.
Besides, it is very convenient and much easy to do research work with a computer turning on. You can save your work on computers too easily more than just typing a few letters, no matter what your work is, even audio or video data. You can also type a few keys to print them out neatly. Also, you can search whatever materials you want without the trouble of looking for books or magazines in libraries.
Some people think that computers have made life complex and stressful. They may not be very familiar with computers or do not know how to work with a computer efficiently. It does not matter. Only after a few weeks of training, they can probably easily enjoy the convenience of computers in socializing, reading news and doing research job.
当我们开始准备托福独立写作的时候，很多考生会面临着一个问题，就是“无话可说”，特别是如果遇到一个自己不熟悉的题目，加之时间又紧，头脑就一片空白了，想到的也只是空泛的东西。在这种情况下，即使是中文也难以写好，更谈何用英语去表达呢。
对此办法就是要善于联想到一些具体的事实、具体的例证以及具体的现象。那么问题来了，具体的事实、具体的例证以及具体的现象到底有哪些呢?考生们的内心是崩溃的，人生过于平淡，阅历太少，书到用时方恨少，那么考生们该如何来准备这些具体的例子呢?
我们就拿《北极星》教材为例，来给大家分析一下如何从平常的阅读中积累托福写作素材～
写作真题
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In twenty years’ time, people will lead a more leisurely life.
写作思路
Main point: Disagree
Sub point1:工作压力比现在更大。
Sub point2:环境问题更为严重。
Sub point3:任何事物更新换代的速度更快，意味着20年之后我们需要不断的学习，更加努力的去适应时代的发展，不被时代所淘汰，所以不是更休闲了，而是更累了。
话题相关内容
第三版北极星4 Unit5 ----Longevity: Too Much of a Good Thing?
A doubled lifespan
If scientists could create a pill that let you live twice as long while remaining free of infirmities, would you take it?
If one considers only the personal benefits that longer life would bring, the answer might seem like a no-brainer : People could spend more quality time with loved ones; watch future generations grow up; learn new languages; master new musical instruments; try different careers or travel the world.
The workplace
For most people, living longer will inevitably mean more time spent working. Careers will necessarily become longer, and the retirement age will have to be pushed back, not only so individuals can support themselves, but to avoid overtaxing a nation’s social security system.
But such changes would carry their own set of dangers, critics say. Competition for jobs would become fiercer as “mid-life re-trainees” beginning new careers vie with young workers for a limited number of entry-level positions. Especially worrisome is the problem of workplace mobility, Callahan said. “If you have people staying in their jobs for 100 years, that is going to make it really tough for young people to move in and get ahead,” Callahan explained.
讲解如何运用
同学们注意，以上内容给了我们非常好的素材(尤其是标绿部分)。当我们要证明sub point1. 工作压力比现在更大。你能想到用什么方法来有效的论证呢?Maybe你会说以后大家都是高学历者(well-educated)，那么工作的竞争压力自然会更大。这个理由大部分同学都能想得到，那么怎么让你的素材比较novel? 赶紧学学以上段落吧!!!
20年后我们会变得更加长寿，这就意味着我们的退休年龄push back了，在这种年轻人不断进入职场，而年长者延迟退休的情况下，是不是竞争压力要更大了呢?同时篇章中许多expressions是我们都可以学习的，eg. mid-life re-trainees人到中年再就业者;a limited number of entry-level positions有限的招聘岗位;
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
It is a waste of money for government to fund space travel and exploration.
Sub point1: 目前地球存在的问题：环境污染越发严重，能源日益减少，人口激增等。所以我们有必要去探索宇宙，找到新的居住地，发现新能源。
Sub point2: Space exploration是非常practical的一项投资，不能说是a waste of money.
Sub point3: 诚然当今社会还有很多没有解决的问题需要政府来处理。这些问题可能比宇宙探索、旅行迫切多了，但是这并不意味着政府做这件事情就是浪费钱。因为如果政府不做就没有人有这个能力了。
第四版北极星3 Unit3----Exploring the Red Planet
MARS: OUR NEW HOME?
If you think you’d like to live on Mars, you may have that possibility by 2023. A Dutch company called Mars One will soon advertise for people interested in colonizing Mars. If you have all the necessary skills—and there are a lot—you could be one of the first colonists to Mars. Are you ready for the challenge?
As a future colonist in one of the six teams, you will go through years of training. If your team is the first team to travel to Mars, your main responsibility when you get there will be to build a place where humans can live. The atmosphere on Mars does not have enough oxygen for humans, and the land is not good enough to grow food. Colonists will have to create an artificial environment on Mars where there is air to breathe and land to farm. Scientists know Earth-like conditions can be simulated on Mars because something similar has already been done in Antarctica, where humans cannot survive outside the created environment.(对火星环境的具体描述&科学家们如何将其改造的适合人类居住。)
Humans may have another problem in space as well. It takes nearly a year to get to Mars, so travelers would be without the Earth’s gravity for a long time. In addition, Mars One astronauts will not return to Earth. Their mission is to start a colony that can support itself. So, the colonists will live the rest of their lives there. When a human lives in an environment without gravity or with low gravity for a long time, the systems in the body weaken. For example, muscles and bones lose strength. The heart also gets weaker. The blood in the body gets thicker, and it becomes more difficult for the heart to push blood through the body. Luckily, spinning the spaceship can create artificial gravity, and artificial gravity can ease these problems.(针对情况：我们的身体可能会遇到挑战，例如失重。)
It also will be difficult for Mars colonists to be isolated, far from home, living in small spaces, and seeing the same people over and over. It is important to come up with solutions to possible problems before anyone actually goes on a Mars mission. Colonists with depression could put the mission in danger. Fortunately, a few years ago, a joint Russian and European project called the Mars500 Mission took place. It studied people’s reactions to long-term space travel by following six astronauts in a Mars-like environment. The astronauts spent 520 days in this environment and only had contact with their bosses and their families. The six astronauts “returned” to the Earth in good physical condition—and still talking to each other. Scientists viewed the Mars500 Mission as a great success because they were able to see how the astronauts handle emotional and physical stresses. Surprisingly, the greatest emotional problem was boredom. The greatest physical problems were not getting enough sleep and gaining too much weight. (针对情况：在太空中我们的心理可能会遇到什么挑战，会不会出现心理疾病呢…)
关于这个话题，同学们脑海中应该会浮现中一幅幅宇宙探索的画面，例如近期的《火星救援》(The Martian)相信大家在这个话题上比较能达成共识，那就是政府花钱探索宇宙并非浪费钱的一种行为。
但是如何解释清楚呢?思路已经给大家了。现在我们回到[Sub point2: Space exploration是非常practical的一项投资，不能说是a waste of money.]
同学们想一下，当我们要证明宇宙探索的实效性、是有前景的，是不是应该展现给考官一个画面：在探索宇宙的过程中政府正在克服一个个unavoidable 困难，政府正在为寻找下一个家园而努力着，所以怎么能叫浪费钱呢?!
想清楚这点之后，不够哦!接下来怎么写呢?探索宇宙过程中具体会遇到什么难题呢?又是如何去解决的呢?英文要怎么表述啊?感觉好多专业术语不会讲，怎么办? !!!
同学们，那么请再仔细看看以上篇章中标绿的部分，是不是心中豁然开朗了呢，这篇文章简直就是为托福写作量身定做的!
520 days in this environment and only had contact with their bosses and their families. The six astronauts “returned” to the Earth in good physical condition—and still talking to each other. Scientists viewed the Mars500 Mission as a great success because they were able to see how the astronauts handle emotional and physical stresses. Surprisingly, the greatest emotional problem was boredom. The greatest physical problems were not getting enough sleep and gaining too much weight. (针对情况：在太空中我们的心理可能会遇到什么挑战，会不会出现心理疾病呢…)
In the past people were more friendly than they are today.
Main point: Agree
Sub point1: 现在人生活节奏快，每天都非常忙碌，没什么时间关注他人，自然不如以前的人friendly。
Sub point2:当今社会诈骗行为很多，加上媒体的曝光，人们的防范心理很强，对陌生人极其警惕;而以前人们对陌生人是比较友善的。
Sub point3:当然不能否认当今社会中依然有很多friendly 的行为举措，很多人也极其warm-hearted.但是整体来说是以前的人比较friendly。其中有个比较重要的因素是现代人相对selfish,尤其在中国 One-Child Policy的影响下,独身子女相对会比较自私。
第四版北极星3 Unit2----The Consequences of Fraud
(如下篇章内容围绕思路中的sub point2展开)
TYPES OF FRAUD
(注意：本文通篇可用，就不标注重点内容)
The telephone is also used by con men and women who try to impress people with amazing prizes and offers. Sometimes they will call and ask for your banking information so that they can put prize money into your account. If you do not trust a person contacting you by phone, ask for his or her name, business phone number, and company address. You can then contact the company yourself to learn whether or not you have reason to be suspicious.(电话诈骗有碰到过吗?在我们的日常生活中是不是很常见?这是不是让你不再那么相信陌生人了呢?“骗子”这个词可以用con men and women来表达，了解吗?所以本段内容也可以作为素材。)
Modern communications technology has made it easier for people to trick you with fake deals and requests for information. When you go online, you find many websites offering products and services such as medical treatment and legal advice. How can you know if something is real? Fortunately, there are many organizations that can help you make sure that companies and individuals are treating you with honesty. If you believe that you are involved in a case of fraud, be sure to report it and ask for help.
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The more money a person has, the more he or she should give away to the charities
Sub point1: Money越多在一定程度上意味着能帮助越多的人，而当今社会还有很多人温饱问题都解决不了，所以应该出更多的钱给慈善机构。可以用Bill Gates的例子。
Sub point2:对自身也有好处，自己在帮助他人的过程中可以更好的认识自己，变得更加快乐，更加自信，更加知道生命的意义。
Sub point3:可以让这个世界更加美好。许多问题的出现都是因为贫富差距过大导致的，如果富了之后会拿更多的钱出来帮助他人，那么这个世界必将更加美好。
第三版北极星4 -Unit6----Give and Learn
This 1979 Nobel Peace Prize winner spent many years working with the extremely poor in India. Though not a rich person, Mother Teresa was able to personally help thousands of people. disagree with the following statement? The more money a person has, the more he or she should give away to the charities.
This business person is one of the richest people in the world. Bill Gates is also a very generous philanthropist and has created a foundation focusing on education and healthcare.
This movie star is reported to give away 1/3 of his/her income to several charities. Angelina Jolie is also the Goodwill Ambassador for the United Nations High Commission for Refugees.
This wealthy talk show host has created a foundation “to support the education and empowerment of women, children and families”. Oprah Winfrey has also established a school for girls in South Africa.
本文的展开需要有大量的实例来说明做慈善是必要的，本单元中的Angelina Jolie, Oprah Winfrey, Bill Gates, Mother Teresa都是慈善的好例子。
托福写作时“无话可说”乃是因为平时缺乏素材积累，输入太少呐。对于素材，同学们要注意以下几点：一是素材最好是英文表达，不然考试时，即使心中满满的例子写的时候却发现好多意思不知怎样用英文表达;二是素材在表达上不宜太难，否则难以理解和记忆。三是好的素材要熟悉到位，同学们面对好的素材不能只是记在本子上或是存在电脑中，一定要记在脑子里!如何确定已经记在脑子里了呢?找个一起考托福的小伙伴，把例子用英文讲一遍给他/她听;或者找张纸，写一遍。当你说完或者写完，对方听了或者看了惊叹你的表达或者例子好棒时，说明你是真的掌握了这个例子!不然没有记在脑子里，再好的素材也是枉然~
Some people prefer to live in a small town. Others prefer to live in a big city. Which place wouldyou prefer to live in? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.
托福作文满分范文：Topic: 9
I grew up in a small town and then moved to a big city, so I have experienced the good and badsides of both. I never thought that I would like living in a big city, but I was wrong. After ten yearsof living in one, I can't imagine ever living in a small town again.
Small towns and big cities both have some problems in terms of transportation. In a small town,you have to own a car to ensure a comfortable living. You can't get around without one becausethere isn't any kind of public transportation. Big cities generally have heavy traffic and expensiveparking, but there you have a choice of taking public transportation. It's not free, but it's oftencheaper than driving when you consider gas and time. Especially if you don't have a car, you'rebetter off in the city.
I love the excitement of big cities. Small towns have a slow pace. Large cities mean you have toadapt to a variety of situations, like finding a new route to work or trying a new restaurant. I enjoythat challenge very much. Another pan of the excitement of city living is the variety of culturalactivities available. There is a wide assortment of theatre, music and dance in big cities. These things are rare in small ones.
The final thing I like about large cities is the diversity of the people. The United States is made upof people of different races, religions, abilities, and interests. However, you seldom find such avariety of people in a smaller town. I think that living in an area where everyone was just like mewould quickly become boring.
Of course, security is a concern, and that's one area where small towns are superior to big , I would rather be a bit more cautious and live in a large city than to feel secure but bored.
Where should we live? Some may choose to live in big cities, while other like the natural and quietsurroundings in countryside. As far as I am concerned, I would like to live in a big city becauseliving in a big city has more advantages than living in countryside.
To begin with, the city is the symbol of human civilization and there are a many facilities forliving, recreation and health care. Therefore, living there is more convenient than living incountryside. For example, we can find a plenty of malls around our neighborhood, where we canbuy everyday necessities at a low price. Furthermore, people concern more about their health andsafety than other things in their lives. In big cities, medical facilities and emergency services areeasily accessible than in countryside. Big cities also have convenient transportation and utilitysystems. They also offer faster Internet connections. These all make our life easier in big addition, we can take part in a variety of events in big cities. Human being likes to live togetherand need to interact with each other. In a big city, the population density is high therefore thereare always plenty of social activities, sports events and concerts. There are more recreationalplaces in big cities, such as opera houses, movie theatres, clubs, and swimming pools. You willhave many kinds of entertainment in big cities, and meet many people. In countryside, however,the life may be dull and quite, and you may only have a few neighbors. Living alone with fewactivities can easily cause mental diseases.
Some may argue that the pollution in cities makes people sick. However, with automobiles andmodern highways we can easily take a break to expose to fresh air in countryside and sunshine onthe beach.
In conclusion, I strongly hold that living in big cities is much better than living in countrysidebecause of the advanced facilities and social activities in cities. Moreover, the autos and highwaysenable us to enjoy the natural and quiet surroundings in countryside.
In English, there is a well-known fairy story about a poor country boy, Dick Whittington, whogoes to London because he believes that the streets of that city are “paved with gold”. The storyis a tale of “from rags to riches”. Dick eventually becomes the Lord Mayor of London. Like thehero of that story, I always find wonder and adventure in cities.
Cities contain a great assortment of people. Whenever I walk around a shopping precinct atmidday on a weekend, I am fascinated by all the different types of people hurrying around theshops. Sometimes, I just sit on a public bench and simply watch the variegated streams ofshoppers. Today, in the age of globe-trotting transport and communications, city life is moremixed than it has ever been. Capital cities are not cosmopolitan, and eager to attract foreign tradeand currency. There is a contemporary English joke which tells that “you can never find anEnglishman in London”.
Whether rightly or wrongly, governments and local authorities usually build public amenities inthe big cities. Money is invested in transport, libraries, parks and museums. Often, countries willcompete with each other for the best “show-case” building. Malaysia has built a skyscraper that istaller than is anything in New York. In large countries, region will compete against region: NewYork against Chicago, Shanghai against Hong Kong and Beijing.
All of this is good for the citizen. The magic of the Dick Whittington story is rekindled in me whenI enter a library in a magnificent building. If a person is at university studying art or music, a largecity usually offers galleries and public performances. Even as a teenager, I appreciated the worthof living in a city because two or three times a year there was a rock concert by a favorite is the urban landscape. If a person has an appreciation of architecture, a city can beas visually exciting as the Himalayas. A modern metropolis is a mountain range of height, lightand solidness. And then there are the old buildings: the quaint, unspoiled side-street or shops andhomes from a distant age. If a person lived all of his life in one large city, he would continue todiscover its architectural secrets into his old age.
Man is a 'social animal'. He talks, mixes and creates. Cities offer the libraries, universities and cafebars for him to meet others of his kind.
以上就是为大家整理的“托福写作满分范文ETS官方版”，希望同学们经过上述这些范文的学习，能够对托福写作高分有更进一步的了解。也希望大家能够写出优秀的范文。
Task:“When people succeed, it is because of hard work. Luck has nothing to do with success.” Do you agree or disagree with the quotation above? Use specific reasons and examples to explain your position.
托福写作模板范文参考：
It is universally acknowledged that hard work is indispensable to success. Scientists toil for years before they make a major discovery. Students study for years before they are accepted by a top university. Self-make people work for a long time, even all their life before they make a fortune. However, less well-known is the essential role that luck plays in achieving one's goals. It is often luck that turns years of hard work into success: people discover and invent things with the help of luck, and so do they become famous and find jobs.
First, luck has helped a great number of people invent and discover things. Sir Alexander Fleming experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he discovered penicillin. He went through laborious trial and error, but it was on account of luck that he looked at the mold on a piece of cheese and got the idea for penicillin there and then. Benjamin Franklin had been trying to prove his idea that lightning and electricity is the same thing, but it was only in flying a kite that he proved it and the concept of a lightning rod happened to strike him.
Also, luck helps people become famous. Let us consider young authors. Many work hard to learn to write. For example, they take writing classes. Besides, they work at menial jobs so as to survive and gain experience. Then one day a lucky writer may have piece of writing published and attract public attention. Or the writer meets an editor at the right time and place. Years of continuous writing brings the writer to the door of success, but one lucky chance, like the shot in soccer, eventually helps him or her reap success.
Finally, luck has helped many people secure jobs. One may spend much time writing and sending resumes, reading recruiting ads, and going to job interviews. One may pond the pavement for a long time before getting a job. However, it is with luck that a job hunter meets the person who will offer a position to him or her, or learns of a vacancy that is not advertised. Being at the right place at the right time often helps one land a job, and this has all to do with luck. One can hardly succeed without hard work, but hard work without luck often leads to nothing. Luck has a great number of people find success. In fact, luck goes hand in hand with hard work.
父母对孩子的管教
Some people think that parents should plan their children's leisure time carefully. Other people believe that children should decide for themselves how to spend their free time. Which idea do you agree with? Give reasons for your choise.
托福议论文写作试题分析：
一 条件: 父母对孩子的管教/孩子的空闲时间的安排/有人认为父母应为孩子指定使用空闲时间的详细计划/有人认为孩子应该自己安排空闲时间。
二 要求: 说明自己同意何种观点并说明理由。
三 写作分析: 本题为家常话题,尚无定论,可选任意一种观点表示同意,并说明理由.也可辩证地看问题,在分析的基础上提出自己不同的见解. 动笔前应先决定写法,若摆脱绝对肯定与否定的方式,写作时宜用归纳法,通过步步深入的分析,最后得出比较客观的结论.这种写法比较复杂, 难度较大,写作时思维一定要清晰,不然就会产生混乱.
Should parents plan their children's leisure time carefully? Or should they let their children decide for themselves how to spend their free time? before answering these two qusetions, we should first of all ask another question: do children know how to plan to spend their free time? The answer to this question is both “yes” and “no”. Our common sense tells us that some children spend their free time in a planned way while some others, especially the younger ones, just play as they like without any paln at all.
The above answer leads to three more relevant questions about those children who know how to plan their leisure time: How have they obtained the ability? Is the ability innate? Or is the ability learnt? Our observations tell us that this ability is not born but learned from others---their parents, teachers, other adults, or other children.
With these questions settled, the answer to the first two questions should be verry clear. Parents should not give their children a free hand at the beginning. INstead, they should plan their childrren's leisure time carefully, making sure that their children understand why they should have a plan. In this way, the children will gradually forma habit of making palns and know how to make a good plan.. Then, we can say these children know how to spend their leisure time.
When children alrady know how to spend their free time , they will not need any longer for the parents to paln for them. The most they can do is to keep an eye on their children's activities and give some guidance or advice when necessary. For most of the time, children should be allowed to decide for themselves. The whole process is in fact a process of training, in which instruction, demonstration and practice should be planned in a scientific way. Without plenty of practice, the whole process of learning would be a failure.
Agree or disagree
Some people argue as if it is a general truth that to be frank, I cannot agree with them. There are numerous reasons why I hold no confidence on them, and I would explore only a few primary ones here.
The main problem with this argument is that it is ignorant o the basic fact that______________解释本段中心___________.
Another reason why I disagree with the above statement is that I believe that______________.
What is more, some students are interested in____________.
In a word, ________________.
托福独立写作题目：It is easier to become educated today than it was in the past.相比过去，人们现在更容易接受教育?
思路讲解：
今昔对比类的老题，思路总体不难展开，按照上课讲的理由作答即可。
选择同意，即现在受教育比过去容易
2. 政策扶持: 如中国让出生在贫困线(家庭年收入2300元)及以下家庭的孩子免费接受教育等。
托福写作模板思路分享—政府开发公共用地
托福独立写作题目：镇政府要投资开发公共用地，有两个选择： 1. 为所有民众建造公共花园 2. 为还没有体育场的高中修建体育场
如选择为全民建造公共花园，可以这样展开：
1.花园对环境保护以及全民健康大有裨益。如现在空气污染严重，雾霾频发，空气污浊，气味刺鼻(pungent)，导致许多人患上呼吸系统疾病。建造公共花园可以极大地帮助缓解这些问题，因为花草普遍可以进行光合作用，可帮助净化空气。后面举例说明即可。
2. 虽然学生在运动场上运动也有好处，如放松减压等，但也有其他途径也可以帮助实现这个目标，如在健身房运动、与朋友聊天等。
如果选择为没有体育场的高中建造体育场，可以这样构思：
1. 有利于高中生放松减压。高中生普遍学业压力很大，不仅每天要上多门课，还要完成各种作业。如果能在运动场上做运动，就可以暂时摆脱学业的压力与烦恼，心情也会变好。运动完毕再回归学习时，也能感觉更神清气爽有效率。在花园赏花固然也能让人放松以及平静心绪，但是在运动的过程中，身体各部位得以锻炼，也会汗流浃背，这会让人感到更畅快。
2. 在运动场运动可以培养团队合作意识，增进友谊。可以拿足球篮球等团队运动举例。
托福写作模板思路分享之保持身体健康
托福独立写作题目：Agree or disagree: it is easier for people to maintain good health today than it was in the past.
是否同意：相比过去，人们更容易保持身体健康。
一道老生常谈的今昔对比型考题。今昔对比题是每年必考题型，这道题更是在过往的几年于中国大陆和北美至少考过三次，重要性和经典程度不言而喻。
如果选择同意，即人们现在维持好的健康状况比过去更容易，可以这样展开构思：
1.医疗技术的进步可以预防及治愈在过去或许会致命的(fatal)疾病。可以拿手术、HPV疫苗等举例。
2. 现代人饮食更全面均衡，这对健康有利。过去人能够吃到的食物种类较少，甚至在灾害发生的年份，只能吃到草根树皮等;而现代人能够接触到各种食材，包括蔬菜、瓜果，鸡蛋和谷物等，营养摄入更充分。
如果选择不同意，也就是人们在过去比现在更易维持健康，可以考虑现代社会存在哪些不利健康的因素，如空气污染，繁重的生活工作压力等。
托福写作模板思路分享之培养大一学生的学习习惯
托福独立写作题目：许多大一学生有不好的学习习惯。有人认为大学应该给所有大一新生提供一门必修课，帮助他们培养好的学习习惯，其他人认为不必要。
这道题选择同意更好写：
1.此类课程可以帮助学生提高学习效率。大一学生刚进入大学，对于大学学习不能完全适应，所以可能无法合理安排学习时间及学习任务，很多学生甚至总拖到截止期快要到来的时刻才开始拼命赶作业。如果大学在这方面给新生指导，他们就更能有条不紊地安排学习，提高效率，甚至还能匀出时间做其他有助于自我提升的事情，如参加研讨会等。
2. 大学这样做能够帮助大一新生增强学习自主性，从而取得良好成绩。大一学生的学习习惯往往源自高中，而高中的学习方式与大学大相径庭，如果大学新生把高中的方法用在学习大学课程上可能没有好的效果，甚至适得其反。例如拿自己国家的情况举例。很多高中生学习缺乏自主性，总是被动等待，老师教的就是学生学的，学生不会自己多学。老师也常在课上讲作业题。而在大学，老师讲课普遍粗放，如果自己不积极主动学习更多，那么很有可能是无法取得好成绩的。比如很多大学老师的一节课能覆盖一本厚书中至少一半的内容，或讲的内容与教材无关，课下为了完成作业，就必须花大量时间自学及研读各种文献等。作业中的问题也要主动询问老师，因为老师上课往往不讲作业，自己不问就得不到解决。正是因为有如此高的自主性要求，很多大一学生刚开始并不能适应，导致成绩达不到自我期待。
托福写作模板思路分享之“分享给孩子的价值
托福独立写作题目：Which one of the following values do you think is the most important to share with a young child (aged 5-10)? Being helpful; being honest; being well-organized
以下哪一项价值你认为分享给5-10岁的孩子最为重要：助人，城市，有条理
这道独立考题认真做过准备的宝宝们会发现，在近几年的北美和中国大陆考试中已轮番出现数次。此题选择哪种value都可以，能给出合理的理由和例证即可。
比如选择最后一项，有组织有条理：
第一段：组织条理需要在孩子小时候各方面还未定型之际培养，以帮助孩子养成良好的习惯，有助于未来发展。举例说明即可，比如从小让孩子自己整理各种东西，安排每天需要做的事情等，孩子就会学会有条不紊地安排自己每日的学习和生活，即便将来长大面对繁重的课业和工作压力时，也能沉着应对，有助于提高效率，把事情做得更好。
第二段：乐于助人的品质固然很好，但是这项品质的养成不一定通过刻意分享，而更多的在于周边人的做法，如果孩子周围的人都乐于助人，那么孩子处在这样的环境里也自然会耳濡目染，受到影响，变得愿意帮助别人。
第三段：诚实同样代表此人可靠人品好，但是人不可能在何时何地都诚实，不论孩子还是成人，都会在某些特定情况下选择说非恶意的谎言。此处可以举例说明。
如果选择诚实，可以论述诚实的重要性，如诚实代表此人可靠人品好，这样的人会容易获得他人的信任，有助于自身发展。不选有组织有条理的原因是因为这样会一定程度上限制创造力，有研究佐证。
托福写作中，哪些语法错误你绝对不能犯?!
“我突然想起来，上次作文考试，有个地方犯了语法错误，怎么办?!”
急啥?考官在给分时，对于“失误”是具有一定容忍度的。如果只出现了一两个细小的问题，并且它没有离谱到让人读不懂你想表达什么，就几乎没啥影响。
那这是否意味着语法在写作中就无足轻重了?Of course not.
一方面，评分机器e-rater(Electronic Essay Rater)毫无疑问会关注“语法”这一维度(具体还会细分mechanics, usage, grammar, style四个方面)。大到句子不完整，小到句首字母没大写，所有这些问题都会被电子评分机器(电子鸡)记录在案。
另一方面，读者/考官看到一篇语法问题众多的文章也会浑身不适，从而打出不太友好的分数。
. 本篇提及的是宏观意义上的语法，grammar, mechanics, usage, style四个维度的问题都归到本篇所指的“语法错误”概念之下。
下面将着重从4个角度为大家讲解!
句子不完整
逗号错用
on the other hand=besides?
就是整不明白lack的用法
由于口语中往往容易出现省略，因此很多同学在写作中也斗胆偷工减料。比如以下对话：
- What's the matter? Why is he looking so sad?
他咋的了?为啥看上去这么难过?
- Cuz (Because) he's suffering from the post-vocation blues.
因为他患上了节后抑郁症。
这句答语放在口语对话环境中OK，但是在书面语里就是错的!具体来说，此类问题属于Fragments类型错误，是写作中最为典型的语法错误之一。为了更正这一点，大家需要谨记：
连词的作用在于连接句内信息
一个连词连接两个东西(可以是两个动词/名词(短语)/句子)
基于此，回到上面的：
病句：Because he's suffering from the post-vacation blues.
这里有一个连词(because)，一个句子(主谓宾结构)，显然少成分。
正确表述应该是：
He looks so sad because he's suffering from the post-vacation blues.
此时整句话里有一个连词，两个句子(主系表+主谓宾结构)，搞定!
既然是连接句内信息，是不是连词只能位于句子中间才正确?并不!上面这句话我们颠倒一下顺序也正确：
Because he's suffering from the post-vacation blues, he looks so sad
不过，现代英语在这个规则上的要求相比以往松弛了不少，出现了三个特殊分子：and, but, so。虽然他们三个也是连词，但是如今确实存在“And/But/So +1个主谓宾”的情况。例如：
But campus leaders and many community donors had a bigger vision.
但是园区领导和捐赠者有一个更大的宏图。
语言随着时间的推进而发生变化，这很正常。而大家作为考生，需要注意3点：
只有and, but, so这三个词可以这样特殊使用
这样的用法毕竟严格意义上来讲还是错误的，不要使用过多
在e-rater的评分细则中，连词位于句首的句子出现过多也会被相应扣分
Style-Too many Sentences Beginning with Conjunctions
由于在口语中，逗号和句号都体现为短暂的停顿，所以使得许多同学无法区分二者的不同，并且在写作中疯狂使用逗号，从而出现传说中的run-on sentences(连写句)。举个例子：
I can't wait to pick up my girlfriend, I miss her so much.
我等不及了要去接女朋友，我好想她嗷。
所谓run-on sentences(连写句)，就是指用逗号来连接众多主谓宾/主系表结构，从而使得你的句子好似脱缰的野马，跑得没有尽头。那么为何这种句子在写作中是错的?
因为英文中一句话里只有一个主谓宾结构。如果想要出现多个，那么可以用连词连接(上一条刚讲过)，而不能用逗号。不然的话，就用句号将其决然断开成几个单独的句子。
因此，上面的句子可以改为——
I can't wait to pick up my girlfriend. I miss her so much.
I can't wait to pick up my girlfriend, and I miss her so much.
这种由于逗号乱用而导致的run-on sentences尤其容易出现在例证部分、想要在行文中增添细节的时候。所以大家这个时候除了关注内容本身，语法方面也不要松懈。比如下面这句也是个典型的run-on sentence：
Liu Xiang is a famous running athlete, who comes from an average family, his mother is a baker and his father is a driver, he cannot afford the expensive fee for professional train.
01 基本版：
Liu Xiang is a famous hurdler. He comes from an average family. His mother is a baker and his father is a driver. He could not afford the expensive training fee on his own.
2 高阶版本：
Born in a working-class family whose mother is a baker and father a driver, Liu Xiang, the famous hurdler, could not afford the expensive training fee on his own.
在展开段落时，为了让内容更加充实，聪明的选手们往往从多个角度解释论证。鉴于中文里的“另一方面”和“除此之外”似乎差不多，很多同学将on the other hand看作是besides, in addition一类词的替代品，然而他们的英文含义其实并不一样。
从上面柯林斯词典中的解释可以看出，on the other hand是用来引出一个与前者差异极大的/相反的观点/角度。比如：
He is a good guy; his brother, on the other hand, is a very selfish man.
他是个好人，而另一方面，他弟弟自私得要命。
换句话说，如果你提及的两个角度并非截然相反，那么不适合使用on the other hand。
因此，如果你论证时并没打算进行对比比较，那么需要提及其他角度时，就老老实实用besides/furthermore/moreover/additionally 等表示“此外”的词就好。
优秀例句练习，考虑空白处适合填什么连接词：
Juju老师声音也太温柔了吧; _____________, Juju老师批改好细致啊。
答案： in addition/moreover/besides
由于lack兼具动词和名词词性，加上它的形容词形式和动名词长得一样(lacking)，导致好多选手使用起来总是出错。接下来我们就按照词性来一一说明。
lack作动词：及物动词。“缺少”什么，就直接将该事物跟在lack后面作宾语。比如：
You just lack a little confidence.
你只是少点儿自信。
如果以非谓语形式出现，也是后面直接跟宾语，没有其他介词出现：
Lacking a little confidence, he refused to participate this year’s talent contest.
由于缺少一点儿自信，他拒绝参加今年的才艺比赛。
lack作名词：a/the lack of sth. 表示“...的缺失”。比如：
Sometimes Joey's parents are angry at his lack of confidence.
有时候Joey的父母会对他缺少自信这点感到很生气。
先把上面这俩记好之后，再看lack的派生词：形容词lacking，常见搭配为lacking in sth. 比如:
Joey feels nervous and is increasingly lacking in confidence about
有些紧张，并且对自己越来越没信心。
上述内容记准确之后，就会发现：一定不会出现lacking of, lack in的情况!但是lacking后面有无in都有可能。脑壳别晕，先从词性入手，再结合搭配来记!
Reference:
Ramineni, C., Trapani, C. S., Williamson, D. M. W., David, T., & Bridgeman, B. . Evaluation of the e-rater? scoring engine for the TOEFL? independent and integrated prompts (ETS Research Report No. RR-12-06). Princeton, NJ: ETS.
3月30日托福听力考试真题及答案
Conversation
1. 一个男生去问老师project的主题，他修了两门，想用一篇文章。他的电脑编程能力很强，还卖钱了，最后老师同意了。
2. 女生错过音乐会的班车，因为去错误的地方等车。
3. 有关音乐，男生爸爸妈妈都是学音乐的，妈妈跟他说了件事，教授是认同的。
4. 学生问自己没有收到邮件是不是没被在canteen的暑假工作录取(这时候老师赶着回家避免晚高峰所以很急(后面有问老师刚开始的态度) 然后提出能不能换一种工作方式? 老师说那这样别的正式录取的人会怎么想呢 最后建议他外面找工作 可以列一个可以去申请的list申请可以写她的名字。
5. 女孩想卖她的作品，但是学校的贩卖不对学生开放，之后professor建议2种方式：
(1)是寄卖还是什么那个缺点是有手续费什么的，得到的钱太少，必须出高价;
(2)是到市场上，问题是太远，解决方案professor说是有学校bus在那，而且可以获得全部的钱。
6. 女生选了建筑专业，因为一个老师讲的很好，讨论一个她发现的特别的建筑，类似于装配式建筑，好处很多：1省钱，省空间;2对于投资者来说减少交税;3 air beam的作用，提到floating building。可以用到自己的prioject里面。
7. 女生选的夏季课不上了，以为会自动退费，结果没有，于是去找工作人员。然后女生又说想要找个兼职，想做assistant，但工作人员已经满了，结束工作在那可以提供的只有ssa，女生觉得太低级，不愿意做。
Lecture
1. 天文课，关于Vesta.
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